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The History of Culture

Cathedrals, canvases, novels and songs: the works a millennium leaves behind.

661 events across 7 eras

Wars end and dynasties fall, but the things people made keep speaking. This timeline follows a thousand years of culture, from the stained glass and chant of the medieval cathedral to streaming-era cinema and music. In between sit the moments that changed how ideas travel: Gutenberg setting movable type in the 1450s, the Florentine workshops of the Renaissance, the novel finding its audience in the eighteenth century, photography and film learning to capture time itself. The corpus holds hundreds of cultural landmarks, and this page arranges the most significant of them era by era so you can see each period through what it built, painted, wrote and performed. Every entry links to a full event page, and every era heading opens the whole period.

1000–1300

High Middle Ages

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1000East AsiaCulture

Murasaki Shikibu begins the Tale of Genji

1000High Middle Ages
1000North AmericaCulture

Cahokia begins its great expansion

1000High Middle Ages
1010Middle EastCulture

Ferdowsi completes the Shahnameh

1010High Middle Ages
1010South AsiaCulture

Brihadeshwara Temple completed at Thanjavur

1010High Middle Ages
1046East AsiaCulture

Fan Zhongyan writes the Yueyang Tower essay

1046High Middle Ages
1084East AsiaCulture

Sima Guang completes Zizhi Tongjian

1084High Middle Ages
1088EuropeCulture

University of Bologna traditionally founded

1088High Middle Ages
1100North AmericaCulture

Cahokia at its zenith

1100High Middle Ages
1110Southeast AsiaCulture

Suryavarman II begins construction of Angkor Wat

1110High Middle Ages
1134Southeast AsiaCulture

Angkor Wat nears completion

1134High Middle Ages
1136EuropeCulture

Suger begins rebuilding Saint-Denis

1136High Middle Ages
1144EuropeCulture

Consecration of Saint-Denis

June 11, 1144High Middle Ages
1150Southeast AsiaCulture

Suryavarman II completes Angkor Wat

1150High Middle Ages
1200EuropeCulture

University of Paris granted royal charter

1200High Middle Ages
1203Southeast AsiaCulture

Jayavarman VII builds the Bayon at Angkor

1203High Middle Ages
1204Middle EastCulture

Maimonides dies in Fustat

1204High Middle Ages
1207Central AsiaCulture

Rumi born in Balkh

1207High Middle Ages
1232EuropeCulture

Alhambra construction begins in Granada

1232High Middle Ages
1265EuropeCulture

Dante born in Florence

1265High Middle Ages
1300East AsiaCulture

Japanese dotaku tradition wanes as tea culture begins

1300High Middle Ages
1301–1500

Late Middle Ages

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1304EuropeCulture

Petrarch is born in Arezzo

July 1304Late Middle Ages
1304EuropeCulture

Giotto summoned to paint at Assisi

1304Late Middle Ages
1307EuropeCulture

Dante begins the Divine Comedy in exile

1307Late Middle Ages
1310EuropeCulture

Giotto paints the Scrovegni Chapel frescoes

1310Late Middle Ages
1320EuropeCulture

Dante completes Paradiso

1320Late Middle Ages
1321EuropeCulture

Dante Alighieri dies in Ravenna

September 1321Late Middle Ages
1332AfricaCulture

Ibn Khaldun born in Tunis

1332Late Middle Ages
1353EuropeCulture

Boccaccio finishes the Decameron

1353Late Middle Ages
1377AfricaCulture

Ibn Khaldun writes the Muqaddima

1377Late Middle Ages
1386EuropeCulture

Chaucer begins the Canterbury Tales

1386Late Middle Ages
1400EuropeCulture

Chaucer Dies in London

1400Late Middle Ages
1401EuropeCulture

Christine de Pizan Writes The Book of the City of Ladies

1401Late Middle Ages
1403East AsiaCulture

Yongle Encyclopedia Commissioned

1403Late Middle Ages
1432EuropeCulture

Van Eyck Completes the Ghent Altarpiece

May 6, 1432Late Middle Ages
1443East AsiaCulture

Sejong the Great Proclaims Hangul

1443Late Middle Ages
1452EuropeCulture

Leonardo da Vinci Born at Vinci

April 15, 1452Late Middle Ages
1475EuropeCulture

Michelangelo Born at Caprese

March 6, 1475Late Middle Ages
1483EuropeCulture

Raphael Born in Urbino

April 6, 1483Late Middle Ages
1495EuropeCulture

Leonardo Begins the Last Supper

1495Late Middle Ages
1500EuropeCulture

Michelangelo Finishes the Pieta

1500Late Middle Ages
2001–2026

Contemporary

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