Mamluks finish off Tyre, Sidon, and Beirut

1291

Following the fall of Acre, the remaining Frankish coastal cities were evacuated within months. Their garrisons sailed to Cyprus; their walls were pulled down to deny future crusades a landing point. The kingdom of Jerusalem, founded in 1099, ended on the Lebanese shore. The systematic demolition of the coastal cities was a deliberate strategy to ensure that no European army could ever establish a beachhead again.