Treaty of Meaux ends the Albigensian Crusade

1229

Raymond VII of Toulouse knelt at Notre-Dame and surrendered his cities, castles, and independence to the French crown. The vibrant Occitan world of courtly love and Cathar preaching was broken. An Inquisition followed to finish what the armies had begun. The treaty required Raymond to endow a university in Toulouse for the express purpose of training preachers to root out heresy among his own subjects.